Latin
Name :
English Name:
Sanskrit / Indian Name:
Mahayograj Guggul
Arabian Name :
It
is a multi-ingredient preparation,
the main constituent of which
is Commiphora wightii (Indian
bdellium, Guggul). It contains
volatile oils that have astringent
and antiseptic properties. It
increases the leukocyte count,
stimulates phagocytosis and
is used in the treatment of
rheumatism that has affected
the joints and bones.
Sanskrit
/ Indian Name: Makardhwaj
Latin Name :
English Name: Sulphide of
Mercury
Arabian Name :
Makaradhwaj
is a well-known inorganic preparation
of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia.
Chemically, it is red sulphide
of mercury and gold in uncombined
form. It is a sublimed product
made from pure mercury, sulphur
and gold.
Eight
parts of mercury and one part
of gold leaf are mixed together
to form an amalgam. To this
mixture 16 parts of sublimed
sulphur are added and the resulting
mixture is ground very thoroughly
in a stone mortar for 24 hrs
or more until the whole is converted
to a lusterless, fine, impalpable
powder of uniform consistence.
This mixture is then placed
in a narrow mouthed bottle and
is gradually heated on a sand
bath. On heating, the bottle
is filled with reddish fumes
of various hues. On cooling
Makaradhvaja is found deposited
in the inner surface of the
neck of the bottle.
It
is seldom used alone. In the
majority of cases, it is mixed
with various drugs called ‘anupana’
or adjuvants. In cases of indigestion
and diarrhea, Makaradhvaja is
mixed with powdered bael fruit
(Aegle marmelos); in cases of
fever and cough it is given
with the juices of ginger, betel
(Piper betel) and tulsi leaves
(Ocimum tenuiflorum). Generally,
honey is used in the absence
of proper adjuvants. The medicine
can be used both for adults
and children, the dosage being
regulated according to age.
Makaradhvaja, when taken regularly,
is believed in indigenous systems
of medicine to be a wonderful
tonic and is said to increase
longevity in a patient.
A
valuable tonic in debilitating
conditions and convalescent
patients after acute illness,
in failing circulation and cardiac
asthenia; it increases the red
blood corpuscles and improves
general nutritional status.
It is also used as a laxative
with good results particularly
in those cases when there are
visceroptosis and atonic conditions
of the gastrointestinal tract.
It is said to be of great value
as an intestinal antiseptic
and is supposed to relieve the
gaseous distension of bowels
due to fermentation. It is used
widely as an alterative and
an aphrodisiac.
Latin
Name : Malva sylvestris
English Name: Common Mallow
Sanskrit / Indian Name:
Gul-khair
Arabian Name :
All
parts of the plant are rich
in mucilage. The petals are
the source of the pigment malvin
which is present in the malonated
form, malvidin The plant contains
flavonols. However, they do
not contain any detectable amounts
of mutagenic flavonol aglycones.
The herb possesses demulcent,
cooling, antiseptic and emollient
properties.
It
is used in pulmonary and urinary
affections and also in external
applications for abscesses and
inflammations. The flowers and
immature fruits are used for
whooping cough.
Sanskrit
/ Indian Name: Mandur bhasma
Latin Name :
English Name: Ferric Oxide
Calx
Arabian Name :
It
is prepared by purifying and
calcinating iron rust. Mandura
is specially useful in anemia,
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia,
chlorosis, hepatic and splenic
disorders. It is also used in
diarrhea, chronic bowel complaints,
dyspepsia, intestinal worms,
nervous diseases, neuralgia
of the 5th nerve due to debility,
kidney diseases, albuminuria,
etc. It is a powerful hematinic
and tonic and is valuable in
the treatment of hemolytic jaundice
and microcytic anemia.
Latin
Name : Mangifera indica
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Amra,
Chuta
English Name: Mango
Arabian Name :
A
large evergreen tree, with a
heavy, dome-shaped crown. The
mango is the most popular fruit
in India.
The
unripe, fully developed mangoes
of pickling varieties contain
citric, malic, oxalic, succinic
and two unidentified acids.
The ripe fruits constitute a
rich source of vitamin A; some
varieties contain fairly good
amounts of vitamin C also. ?-Carotene
and xanthophyll are the principal
pigments in ripe mango. The
leaves contain the glucoside
mangiferine. The bark of the
mango tree contains tannin (16-20%).
Mangiferine has been isolated
from the bark.
The
bark is astringent; it is used
in diphtheria and rheumatism;
it is believed to possess a
tonic action on the mucous membrane.
It is astringent, anthelmintic,
useful in hemoptysis, hemorrhage,
nasal catarrh, diarrhea, ulcers,
diphtheria, rheumatism and for
lumbrici. The leaves are given
in the treatment of burns, scalds
and diabetes. Mangiferin from
the leaves has been reported
to possess antiinflammatory,
diuretic, chloretic and cardiotonic
activities and displays a high
antibacterial activity against
gram positive bacteria. It has
been recommended as a drug in
preventing dental plaques. Mangiferin
shows antiviral effect against
type I herpes simplex virus
(HSV-I).
Latin
Name : Melaleuca leucodendron
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Kayaputi
English Name: Cajuput Tree,
Tea Tree
Arabian Name :
An
evergreen tree of small or moderate
size with pendulous branches.
Fresh
leaves and terminal branchlets
yield, on steam-distillation,
a volatile oil, known in the
trade as Oil of Cajuput (Oleum
Cajuputi) and used in medicine.
Besides cineole, the oil contains
a-terpineol and its esters,
l -a-pinene, l -limonene, dipentene,
sesquiterpenes, azulene, sesquiterpene
alcohols, valeraldehyde and
benzaldehyde.
It
has antibacterial, antifungal,
antiseptic and antidandruff
properties. The oil is used
internally as an expectorant
in chronic laryngitis and bronchitis,
and as carminative; overdoses
cause gastro-intestinal irritation.
It acts as an anthelmintic,
especially against roundworms.
The oil relieves toothache if
introduced into hollow carious
teeth. It forms a constituent
of ointments and liniments and
is considered efficaceous as
a counter-irritant in chronic
rheumatism. It is valued as
a mosquito repellent and has
the advantage over citronella
oil in that it is less volatile.
Latin
Name : Mel despumatum 
Syn. Mel depuratum
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Madhu
English Name: Honey
Arabian Name :
It
is generally recommended as
a remedy for cold, cough, fever,
sore throat, respiratory disorders,
etc., by virtue of its bactericidal,
antiseptic and expectorant properties.
Latin
Name : Mentha arvensis 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Putiha,
Puthila
English Name: Mint
Arabian Name :
A
downy perennial herb with running
rootstocks and rigid branching
stem.
The
herb yields on steam-distillation,
a volatile oil, known in the
trade as Japanese Mint Oil or
Japanese Peppermint Oil; the
leaves and flowering tops give
the highest yield. The main
constituent of the oil is menthol.
The oil is useful in neuralgia
when applied externally and
a febrifuge in fevers. It is
useful in treating pain and
inflammation of muscles and
joints due to its counter irritant
actions.
Latin
Name : Mentha piperita 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Paparaminta
English Name: Peppermint
Arabian Name :
A
perennial, glabrous, strongly
scented herb.
The
herb is the source of true Peppermint
Oil. The oil contains menthol
(50-55%), menthyl acetate, menthone
and small amounts of pinene,
phellandrene, l-limonene, terpinene,
cadinene, cineole, amyl alcohol,
acetic acid, isovaleric acid,
acetaldehyde, isovaleric aldehyde
and a lactone.
The
dried leaves and flowering tops
of the plant are official in
the U.S. Pharmacopeia under
the name Peppermint. The herb
is considered aromatic, stimulant,
stomachic and carminative, and
used for allaying nausea, flatulence
and vomiting. Bruised leaves
are employed as an external
application for relieving local
pains and headache. A hot infusion
is taken to allay stomach ache
and colicky diarrhea. Peppermint
is used as an antispasmodic,
diuretic, choleretic and carminative
and as an expectorant in bronchitis.
It is a component in several
sedative preparations.
Latin
Name : Mentha spicata 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Pahari
Pudina
English Name: Spearmint
Arabian Name :
A
glabrous, perennial herb with
creeping rhizomes.
The
fresh flowering herb on distillation
yields 0.25-0.50% of volatile
oil, known as Spearmint Oil.
The characteristic constituent
of the oil is l-carvone. The
herb is considered stimulant,
carminative and antispasmodic.
A sweetened infusion of the
herb is given as a remedy for
infantile troubles, vomiting
in pregnancy and hysteria. The
leaves are used in fevers and
bronchitis. The oil is a counter
irritant.
Latin
Name : Mesua ferrea 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Keshara,
Nagakesara, Nagapushpa
English Name: Ironwood
Tree
Arabian Name :
Mesua
ferrea is a medium-sized to
large evergreen tree with solitary
flower and numerous stamens.
It's
principle constituent is the
volatile oil from the flowers
shows antibacterial, antifungal
and anthelmintic activities.
It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory
and styptic activity.
Latin
Name : Mimosa pudica 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Lajjalu
English Name: Sensitive
Plant, Touch Me Not
Arabian Name :
A
diffuse prickly undershrub the
leaves of which are extremely
sensitive to touch.
The
plant contains tubulin and a
new class of phytohormones called
turgorines. The seeds of the
plant contain a mucilage composed
of d -xylose and d -glucuronic
acid. A decoction of the root
of the plant is considered useful
in gravel and other urinary
complaints. A paste of the leaves
is applied to glandular swellings;
the juice of leaves is used
in dressings for sinus and also
as an application for sores
and piles.
Latin
Name : Momordica charantia
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Karavella,
Kathilla
English Name: Bitter Gourd
Arabian Name :
Momordica
charantia is a monoecious climber
with slender stem and yellow
flowers.
Its
principle constituents are lectins,
charantin and momordicine. The
fruits have long been used in
India as a folk remedy for diabetes
mellitus. Lectins from the bitter
gourd have shown significant
antilipolytic and lipogenic
activities.
Latin
Name : Moringa pterygosperma
Syn. M. oleifera
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Shigru,
Shobhanjana
English Name: Drumstick,
Horse Radish
Arabian Name :
It
is a small or medium-sized tree,
with tri-pinnate leaves and
white flowers.
Its
principle constituents are pterigospermin,
spirachin and banzyl isothiocyanate.
Biological activity studies
have confirmed the anti-inflammatory,
antispasmodic and diuretic activities
of the seeds. The seeds are
used as antibacterial, anticholeric
and anti-viral agents.
Sanskrit
/ Indian Name: Mouktika
Sukti / Muktashukti / Mouktika
bhasma
Latin Name :
English Name: Pearl Oyster
Shell Calx
Arabian Name :
It
is the ash obtained by calcinating
the shells of Pinctada margaritifera.
It is antacid, tonic and used
in acid peptic disorders.
Latin
Name : Mucuna pruriens 
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Kapikachchhu
English Name: Cow-Itch
Plant
Arabian Name :
Mucuna
pruriens is a twining annual
climber.
Its
principle constituents are L-DOPA
and the bioactive alkaloids
mucunine, mucunadine, mucuadinine,
prurienine and nicotine as well
as ?-sitosterol, glutathione,
lecithin, oils, venolic and
gallic acids. L-DOPA is a neurotransmitter
precursor, an effective drug
for relief in Parkinson's disease.
The seed is a prophylactic against
oligospermia and is useful in
increasing sperm count, ovulation
in women, etc.
It
is a good aphrodisiac and also
a nervine tonic. It is used
in the treatment of spermatorrhea
and diseases of the genitourinary
system.
Sanskrit
/ Indian Name: Mukta pishti
/ Pearl pishti
Latin Name :
English Name: Processed Pearl
Arabian Name :
It
is processed from the pearls
of Mytilus magaritiferus.
It is a powerful cardiac tonic
and mood elevator.
Latin
Name : Mutilla occidentalis
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Indravadhi
English Name:
Arabian Name :
It
is nervine, tonic, antispasmodic
and used in paralysis..
Latin
Name : Myristica fragrans
Sanskrit / Indian Name: Jatikosha,
Jatipatra, Jatipatri (Jaatipatree),
Jatiphala, Jatiphalam
English Name: Mace, Nutmeg
Arabian Name :
Its
principle constituents are Nutmeg
which has a fixed oil, a volatile
oil and starch and Mace which
has a volatile oil (Oil of Mace)
and amylodextrin.
The
oil extract of the tree is used
as a counter irritant and stimulates
blood flow to the area applied.
Nutmeg is reported to be an
expectorant, vermifuge, aphrodisiac,
and as a nervine used by psychiatrists.
It is used in tonics and electuaries
and is recommended for the treatment
of inflammations of the bladder
and urinary tract. Mace is used
in folk medicine for the treatment
of rheumatism.
It
has anti-inflammatory, antifungal
and antibacterial properties.
